Number of relevant results: 1477
Document relevance

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Evaluating the Potential of Container-Based Sanitation

Urban population growth in many developing countries outpaces gains in improved sanitation access and services. In such circumstances, the traditional approach to urban sanitation, premised on extending sewerage networks and building wastewater treatment (WWT) plants, will not be sufficient to deliver citywide sanitation services for all. Alternative approaches are needed to deliver adequate and inclusive sanitation services across the full sanitation service chain.Informal urban settings pose particular challenges in the rollout of sanitation services, such as difficult access; lack of land tenure or space to build a sanitation solution; often challenging physical and topographical conditions, such as rocky soil, proximity to water bodies, and high-water tables; lack of water supply; and/or regular exposure to flooding. Approaches are needed to meet these challenges so that the population living in informal settings, who is often among the most vulnerable, can benefit from adequate sanitation services. In the past 10 years, container-based sanitation (CBS) approaches have emerged as an alternative serviceapproach for the urban poor to those provided by sewers or by on-site sanitation (OSS) systems.CBS approaches provide a sanitation response in situations facing some or all of the challenges mentioned above, as well as in emergency situations and in refugee camps, where they can be deployed rapidly without the need for building permanent infrastructure. Although this kind of approach remains relatively new and has not yet been applied at significant scale, it warrants more investigation regarding its potential place in a portfolio of solutions for a citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) approach.The study builds on four case studies (Sanergy, Nairobi, Kenya; Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods SOIL, Cap-Haitien, Haiti; Clean Team, Kumasi, Ghana; and x-runner, Lima, Peru) to provide insights into these questions. The present document is one of these four case studies. The full suite of documents is available at www.worldbank.org/cbs.

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Faecal Sludge Management - Operational Manual

Due to the lack of investment in a proper sanitation system in the Philippines - including sewage collection and treatment - close to 20% of the population (approx. 20 million) suffer from inadequate access to sanitation and 9 million rely on unsafe water sources. Additionally, a significant portion of the population is resorting to open defecation (6 million) as a negative coping mechanism, further contributing to the spread of diseases and environmental pollution. Those challenges are affecting the population unevenly with high disparities between regions and provinces.As a response, UNICEF and the Department of Health developed a strategy to attend to the needs of the most affected and implement a recovery programme: the “Phased Approach to Total Sanitation” (PhATS), in 2015 with the support of ACTED and 11 other NGOs. The Eastern Samar province benefitted from 20,000 re-built latrines as well as a sanitation marketing approach set up in several municipalities.In order to evaluate the efficiency of the PhATS and identify remaining needs and gaps, ACTED conducted in December 2016 a post-monitoring evaluation in the four municipalities of Guiuan, Mercedes, Salcedo and Quinapondan in Eastern Samar. The evaluation focused on assessing the status and management of the latrines, the septic tank designs, sanitary behaviors at the household level as well as to evaluate the demand for a fecal sludge treatment system and its economic benefits (e.g organic fertilizer).Following the results of this evaluation, ACTED developed its Fecal Sludge Management project articulated in three phases. This portrays the management process and is therefore documented it into a manual.

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Faecal Sludge Management for Disaster Relief - Technology Comparison Study

On behalf of Oxfam, Arup have conducted a technical comparison study on Faecal Sludge Management at the Rohingya camps close to Coxs Bazar (CXB), Bangladesh. The aim of the study is to draw conclusions on best practice FSM for disaster relief, from evidence gathered through practical experience. The study used existing available data to inform the analysis and in many cases these datasets are limited. The findings from the report should therefore be treated as provisional and are relevant to the particular context of the situation at CXB.Over 20 operational FSM sites were visited in CXB, constructed by eight different NGOs and using eight different technologies. The eight FSM technologies were:1. Constructed Wetlands2. GeoTubes3. Lime (Three main types; lagoons, in barrel and three tanks)4. Anaerobic Lagoons5. Aerobic Treatment6. Upflow Filters (Two main types; with and without pre-settlement)7. Biogas8. Anaerobic Baffled Reactors (ABR)The FSM technologies were compared against a set of indicators including; cost, footprint area, speed of construction and commissioning, operation and maintenance issues, pathogen inactivation and resilience to natural disasters.

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Managing Septage in Cities of Uttar Pradesh

A sanitation snapshot of urban Uttar Pradesh, India clearly indicates that households with onsite sanitation systems like septic tanks (47 per cent) far exceed those with sewer connections (28 per cent), hence septage management in the state becomes an integral part of sustainable sanitation. According to the State Annual Action Plan 2017, most cities have reported more than 80 per cent coverage of latrines, but out of the 60 AMRUT cities, 34 have reported zero efficiency regarding collection and treatment of sewage.The Center for Science and Environment (CSE), India did a study across the sanitation chain in 66 cities of Uttar Pradesh. To understand the gaps in the service provision, SFDs were developed for each of the cities. Depending on the population, these cities were classified into four clusters and SFDs for these clusters were also developed to understand the key issues the cities, clustered together, are facing. Based on the analysis, an action plan for each cluster is proposed.This study is available in two volumes. Volume 1 (Managing Septage in Cities of Uttar Pradesh- An analysis of the sanitation chain in 66 cities, through SFDs) briefly describes each stage of the sanitation chain, provides an analysis through cluster SFDs and also proposes an action plan. Volume 2 (Assessment of excreta management- SFD factsheets for 66 cities in Uttar Pradesh), on the other hand, is a compilation of SFD factsheets of each of the 66 cities. Both these volumes were recently released at a state level workshop, which was attended by key government officials from the state and all the 66 cities considered for the study.

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Managing Septage in Cities of Uttar Pradesh

A sanitation snapshot of urban Uttar Pradesh, India clearly indicates that households with onsite sanitation systems like septic tanks (47 per cent) far exceed those with sewer connections (28 per cent), hence septage management in the state becomes an integral part of sustainable sanitation. According to the State Annual Action Plan 2017, most cities have reported more than 80 per cent coverage of latrines, but out of the 60 AMRUT cities, 34 have reported zero efficiency regarding collection and treatment of sewage.The Center for Science and Environment (CSE), India did a study across the sanitation chain in 66 cities of Uttar Pradesh. To understand the gaps in the service provision, SFDs were developed for each of the cities. Depending on the population, these cities were classified into four clusters and SFDs for these clusters were also developed to understand the key issues the cities, clustered together, are facing. Based on the analysis, an action plan for each cluster is proposed.This study is available in two volumes. Volume 1 (Managing Septage in Cities of Uttar Pradesh- An analysis of the sanitation chain in 66 cities, through SFDs) briefly describes each stage of the sanitation chain, provides an analysis through cluster SFDs and also proposes an action plan. Volume 2 (Assessment of excreta management- SFD factsheets for 66 cities in Uttar Pradesh), on the other hand, is a compilation of SFD factsheets of each of the 66 cities. Both these volumes were recently released at a state level workshop, which was attended by key government officials from the state and all the 66 cities considered for the study.

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Managing Septage in Cities of Uttar Pradesh

A sanitation snapshot of urban Uttar Pradesh, India clearly indicates that households with onsite sanitation systems like septic tanks (47 per cent) far exceed those with sewer connections (28 per cent), hence septage management in the state becomes an integral part of sustainable sanitation. According to the State Annual Action Plan 2017, most cities have reported more than 80 per cent coverage of latrines, but out of the 60 AMRUT cities, 34 have reported zero efficiency regarding collection and treatment of sewage.The Center for Science and Environment (CSE), India did a study across the sanitation chain in 66 cities of Uttar Pradesh. To understand the gaps in the service provision, SFDs were developed for each of the cities. Depending on the population, these cities were classified into four clusters and SFDs for these clusters were also developed to understand the key issues the cities, clustered together, are facing. Based on the analysis, an action plan for each cluster is proposed.This study is available in two volumes. Volume 1 (Managing Septage in Cities of Uttar Pradesh- An analysis of the sanitation chain in 66 cities, through SFDs) briefly describes each stage of the sanitation chain, provides an analysis through cluster SFDs and also proposes an action plan. Volume 2 (Assessment of excreta management- SFD factsheets for 66 cities in Uttar Pradesh), on the other hand, is a compilation of SFD factsheets of each of the 66 cities. Both these volumes were recently released at a state level workshop, which was attended by key government officials from the state and all the 66 cities considered for the study.

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Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM)

On 20. February 2019 a side-event and lunch-meeting on Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) took place during the 5th AfricaSan Regional Conference on Sanitation and Hygiene (AfricaSan5) and 5th International Faecal Sludge Management (FSM5) Conference in Cape Town, South Africa. The events were organised as part of the RRR-Project - Phase III (2017 - 2019), that is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fu?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH’s programme called ‘Enhancing Water Security and Sanitation’ (ENWASS) in partnership with the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Water for People, cewas and Sanivation.The meeting aimed at: - Bringing together key stakeholders in RRR with a special focus on FSM- Presenting and putting up for discussion RRR experiences and business models in Kampala, Uganda and neighbouring countries.- Exploring avenues and discussing necessary conditions for private sector engagement in the safe reuse of feacal sludge ()e.g. faecal sludge-based fuel briquettes, etc.)Presentations: A Utility’s Perspective on Resource Recovery and Reuse of Faecal Sludge (by Eng. Mary Oyuru, NWSC)Kampala Briquette Project - Initial Experiences and Lessons Learned from Production of Faecal Sludge Briquettes in Kampala (by Ms. Yvonne Lugali, Water for People)Financial Analysis of Briquette Businesses in Kampala, Uganda (by Prof. Vincent Bagire, member of cewas-led team of consultants)“DEWATS for Dar” - Faecal Sludge Management Business Approach, Tanzania (by Mrs. Jutta Camargo, BORDA)

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Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM)

On 20. February 2019 a side-event and lunch-meeting on Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) took place during the 5th AfricaSan Regional Conference on Sanitation and Hygiene (AfricaSan5) and 5th International Faecal Sludge Management (FSM5) Conference in Cape Town, South Africa. The events were organised as part of the RRR-Project - Phase III (2017 - 2019), that is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fu?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH’s programme called ‘Enhancing Water Security and Sanitation’ (ENWASS) in partnership with the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Water for People, cewas and Sanivation.The meeting aimed at: - Bringing together key stakeholders in RRR with a special focus on FSM- Presenting and putting up for discussion RRR experiences and business models in Kampala, Uganda and neighbouring countries.- Exploring avenues and discussing necessary conditions for private sector engagement in the safe reuse of feacal sludge ()e.g. faecal sludge-based fuel briquettes, etc.)Presentations: A Utility’s Perspective on Resource Recovery and Reuse of Faecal Sludge (by Eng. Mary Oyuru, NWSC)Kampala Briquette Project - Initial Experiences and Lessons Learned from Production of Faecal Sludge Briquettes in Kampala (by Ms. Yvonne Lugali, Water for People)Financial Analysis of Briquette Businesses in Kampala, Uganda (by Prof. Vincent Bagire, member of cewas-led team of consultants)“DEWATS for Dar” - Faecal Sludge Management Business Approach, Tanzania (by Mrs. Jutta Camargo, BORDA)

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Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM)

On 20. February 2019 a side-event and lunch-meeting on Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) took place during the 5th AfricaSan Regional Conference on Sanitation and Hygiene (AfricaSan5) and 5th International Faecal Sludge Management (FSM5) Conference in Cape Town, South Africa. The events were organised as part of the RRR-Project - Phase III (2017 - 2019), that is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fu?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH’s programme called ‘Enhancing Water Security and Sanitation’ (ENWASS) in partnership with the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Water for People, cewas and Sanivation.The meeting aimed at: - Bringing together key stakeholders in RRR with a special focus on FSM- Presenting and putting up for discussion RRR experiences and business models in Kampala, Uganda and neighbouring countries.- Exploring avenues and discussing necessary conditions for private sector engagement in the safe reuse of feacal sludge ()e.g. faecal sludge-based fuel briquettes, etc.)Presentations: A Utility’s Perspective on Resource Recovery and Reuse of Faecal Sludge (by Eng. Mary Oyuru, NWSC)Kampala Briquette Project - Initial Experiences and Lessons Learned from Production of Faecal Sludge Briquettes in Kampala (by Ms. Yvonne Lugali, Water for People)Financial Analysis of Briquette Businesses in Kampala, Uganda (by Prof. Vincent Bagire, member of cewas-led team of consultants)“DEWATS for Dar” - Faecal Sludge Management Business Approach, Tanzania (by Mrs. Jutta Camargo, BORDA)

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Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM)

On 20. February 2019 a side-event and lunch-meeting on Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) took place during the 5th AfricaSan Regional Conference on Sanitation and Hygiene (AfricaSan5) and 5th International Faecal Sludge Management (FSM5) Conference in Cape Town, South Africa. The events were organised as part of the RRR-Project - Phase III (2017 - 2019), that is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fu?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH’s programme called ‘Enhancing Water Security and Sanitation’ (ENWASS) in partnership with the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Water for People, cewas and Sanivation.The meeting aimed at: - Bringing together key stakeholders in RRR with a special focus on FSM- Presenting and putting up for discussion RRR experiences and business models in Kampala, Uganda and neighbouring countries.- Exploring avenues and discussing necessary conditions for private sector engagement in the safe reuse of feacal sludge ()e.g. faecal sludge-based fuel briquettes, etc.)Presentations: A Utility’s Perspective on Resource Recovery and Reuse of Faecal Sludge (by Eng. Mary Oyuru, NWSC)Kampala Briquette Project - Initial Experiences and Lessons Learned from Production of Faecal Sludge Briquettes in Kampala (by Ms. Yvonne Lugali, Water for People)Financial Analysis of Briquette Businesses in Kampala, Uganda (by Prof. Vincent Bagire, member of cewas-led team of consultants)“DEWATS for Dar” - Faecal Sludge Management Business Approach, Tanzania (by Mrs. Jutta Camargo, BORDA)

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Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM)

On 20. February 2019 a side-event and lunch-meeting on Resource Recovery & Safe Reuse (RRR) and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) took place during the 5th AfricaSan Regional Conference on Sanitation and Hygiene (AfricaSan5) and 5th International Faecal Sludge Management (FSM5) Conference in Cape Town, South Africa. The events were organised as part of the RRR-Project - Phase III (2017 - 2019), that is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fu?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH’s programme called ‘Enhancing Water Security and Sanitation’ (ENWASS) in partnership with the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Water for People, cewas and Sanivation.The meeting aimed at: - Bringing together key stakeholders in RRR with a special focus on FSM- Presenting and putting up for discussion RRR experiences and business models in Kampala, Uganda and neighbouring countries.- Exploring avenues and discussing necessary conditions for private sector engagement in the safe reuse of feacal sludge ()e.g. faecal sludge-based fuel briquettes, etc.)Presentations: A Utility’s Perspective on Resource Recovery and Reuse of Faecal Sludge (by Eng. Mary Oyuru, NWSC)Kampala Briquette Project - Initial Experiences and Lessons Learned from Production of Faecal Sludge Briquettes in Kampala (by Ms. Yvonne Lugali, Water for People)Financial Analysis of Briquette Businesses in Kampala, Uganda (by Prof. Vincent Bagire, member of cewas-led team of consultants)“DEWATS for Dar” - Faecal Sludge Management Business Approach, Tanzania (by Mrs. Jutta Camargo, BORDA)

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Scheduled emptying services as an entry point for change

Addressing urban sanitation requires a concurrent focus on both infrastructure and service delivery systems. Where on-site sanitation is the main type of sanitation, as in the programme cities, a focus on safe faecal sludge management was required. Regular emptying of on-site containment systems is a key service delivery challenge that provides an entry point for improving urban sanitation programming. This report has summarised the key steps and decisions in developing scheduled emptying programmes in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nepal as part of SNV’s urban sanitation support programme between 2014 and 2017, yielding the following lessons:1. Starting with a tangible objective creates an environment for broader change.2. Experiential learning builds local capacities in new complex areas.3. Desludging is one of many starting pointsThe SNV programme ran from 2014 to 2016 in the following cities:Bangladesh: Khulna city, Kushtia and Jhenaidah municipalities in the Khulna administrative division of Southern Bangladesh;Indonesia: Kalianda district in the South Lampung Regency of Sumatera; andNepal: Birendranagar city in the Surkhet District and Jumla town in Jumla District.

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Setting Standards and Financing Waste Water Management in India - Thematic Discussion Series Synthesis

This discussion will examine a few aspects of the waste water economy. In November 2018, the SuSanA India Chapter, IRC and TARU organised a face-to-face ‘Insights Discussion’ on sharing experiences on waste water challenges and solutions, facilitated by the Ecosan Services Foundation, in Mumbai. That discussion brought out five issues – setting standards for using waste water and sewage, faecal sludge treatment is not cheaper than sewage treatment, it has been a challenge getting companies involved in waste water treatment, ownership of waste water and alternative financing mechanisms.This thematic discussion took a deeper looker at setting standards and alternative financing mechanisms. Alka Palrecha from the NGO People In Centre steered the first sub-topic while Sharada Prasad from the Azim Premji University in Bengaluru steered the second.

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SFD Lite Report - Coimbatore, India - SFD Promotion Initiative

Coimbatore is the second largest city in terms of area in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the fastest growing secondary cities in India and a major hub of textiles, industries, commerce, education, information technology, healthcare and manufacturing in Tamil Nadu. It is administered by the Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation (CCMC).The 76% of the excreta properly managed originates from: Wastewater (WW) contained delivered to treatment and treated (25%), Faecal Sludge (FS) contained - not emptied (15%) and FS contained/not contained - emptied, delivered to treatment and treated (35%) from On-site Sanitation Systems (OSS). The 24% of the excreta unsafely managed is distributed as: WW contained but not delivered to treatment (6%), WW contained delivered to treatment but not treated (3%) and FS not contained - not emptied (15%) from OSS located in areas of high risk of groundwater pollution.

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SFD Report - Mandalay, Myanmar - SFD Promotion Initiative

Mandalay is located on the bank of the Irrawaddy on a rather flat and low flood plain, in the centre of Myanmar’s dry-zone. Mandalay is the second largest city of Myanmar. Mandalay experiences increased informal settlements due to rapid expansion.All sanitation infrastructures in Mandalay are onsite. The SFD graphic shows that 100% of excreta is not properly managed. It consists of 34% of supernatant not contained from tanks connected to open drains that end up untreated in the environment; 3% of FS emptied, delivered to treatment to an oxidation pond outside the city, but not treated; 55% of FS not contained and not emptied from tanks and pits, and 8% of people practising open defecation.